Nahum
by Ken Cayce
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Ken Cayce All rights reserved.
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Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapters
Introduction
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Nahum Explained
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Book of Nahum Explained
Title:
The book's title is taken from the prophet-of-God's oracle against Nineveh,
the capital of Assyria. Nahum means "comfort" or "consolation" and is a
short form of Nehemiah ("comfort of Yahweh"). Nahum is not quoted in the
New Testament, although there may be an allusion to (Nahum 1:15 in Romans
10:15; Isaiah 52:7).
Author - Date:
The author of the prophecy is named simply "Nahum the Elkoshite" (1:1), and
all that is known of the prophet is gleaned from this prophecy. Probably
the identity of the prophet is obscured so his message can be prominent.
Nahum's mission was to comfort the kingdom of Judah, following the
destruction of Israel by Assyria, by announcing God's coming judgment on
Nineveh, the capital of Assyria.
The purpose of Nahum's prophecy is twofold:
(1) To deliver a message of judgment and destruction against Nineveh; and
(2) To give comfort to Judah, so recently ravaged by Assyria.
Since Assyria is doomed, it will constitute a threat no longer.
With no mention of any kings in the introduction, the date of Nahum's
prophecy must be implied by historical data. The message of judgment
against Nineveh portrays a nation of strength, intimating a time not only
prior to her fall (in 612 B.C.), but probably before the death of
Ashurbanipal (in 626 B.C.), after which Assyria's power fell rapidly.
Being occupied with the doom on Nineveh, Nahum does not date his prophecy
according to any of the kings of Israel or Judah. He probably ministered
during the reign of Hezekiah. This would certainly fit if (1:9-13), is
understood as a vivid description of Sennacherib's invasion of Judah and
siege of Jerusalem. The only historical citation that can be identified
with certainty is the references to "No" (No-amon, i.e., Egyptian Thebes),
which was destroyed by Assyria (in 663 B.C.; 3:8-10).
Nahum's mention of the fall of No-amon, also called Thebes (3:8-10, in 663
B.C.), at the hands of Ashurbanipal, appears to be fresh in their minds and
there is no mention of the rekindling that occurred ten years later,
suggesting a mid-seventh century B.C. date during the reign of Manasseh
(695-642 B.C.; compare 2 Kings 21:1-18).
Attempts to identify the location of Elkosh have been unsuccessful.
Suggestions include Al-Qosh, situated in
northern Iraq; thus, Nahum would have been a descendant of the exiles taken
to Assyria (in 722 B.C.), Capernaum or a location in southern Judah (1:15).
It may be identified with Capernaum (Kaphar Nahum, literally, "Village of
Nahum"), which was renamed in honor of its most famous citizen. Probably
then, Nahum was born in Galilee, but during Israel's defection moved to
Judah and in Jerusalem took up his ministry in behalf of Judah against
Nineveh. His birthplace or locale is not significant to the interpretation
of the book.
Historical Setting:
The place from which the prophet ministered is best understood as
Jerusalem, which so recently had experienced near destruction by
Sennacherib, king of Assyria. Its siege and divine intervention is briefly
described (in 1:9-13).
The significance of the writing prophets was not their personal lives; it
was their message. Thus, background information about the prophet from
within the prophecy is rare. Occasionally one of the historical books will
shed additional light. In the case of Nahum, nothing is provided except
that he was an Elkoshite (1:1), referring either to his birthplace or his
place of ministry.
The prophet cites Nineveh's destruction of No-amon and points out that if
God did not spare that city, then He certainly would not spare Nineveh, for
Nineveh is not better than Thebes (3:11-15a). Thus, it can be determined
with certainty that the prophecy was written after the destruction of
Thebes, which it records, and before the destruction of Nineveh which it
predicts. Nineveh was destroyed (in 612 B.C.).
Background - Setting:
A century after Nineveh repented at the preaching of Jonah, she returned to
idolatry, violence, and arrogance (3:1-4). Assyria was at the height of her
power, having recovered from Sennacherib's defeat (701 B.C.), at Jerusalem
(Isa. 37:36-38). Her borders extended all the way into Egypt. Esarhaddon
had recently transplanted conquered peoples into Samaria and Galilee (in
670 B.C.; 2 Kings 17:24; Ezra 4:2), leaving Syria and Palestine very weak.
But God brought Nineveh down under the rising power of Babylon's king
Nabopolassar and his son, Nebuchadnezzar (612 B.C.). Assyria's demise
turned out just as God had prophesied.
The prophecy of Nahum is dominated by a single idea, the doom of Nineveh.
In describing this doom, Nahum writes lyric poetry of the highest quality.
It has been called the most poetical of all the prophetic writings, and
certainly is the most severe in tone of any of the Minor Prophets.
Historical - Theological Themes:
Nahum forms a sequel to the book of Jonah, who prophesied over a century
earlier. Jonah recounts the remission of God's promised judgment toward
Nineveh, while Nahum depicts the later execution of God's judgment. Nineveh
was proud of her invulnerable city, with her walls reaching 100 feet high
and with a moat 150 feet wide and 60 feet deep; but Nahum established the
fact that the sovereign God (1:2-5), would bring vengeance upon those who
violated His law (1:8, 14; 3:5-7). The same God had a retributive judgment
against evil which is also redemptive, bestowing His loving kindnesses upon
the faithful (1:7, 12-13, 15; 2:2). The prophecy brought comfort to Judah
and all who feared the cruel Assyrians. Nahum said Nineveh would end "with
an overflowing flood" (1:8); and it happened when the Tigris River
overflowed to destroy enough of the walls to let the Babylonians through.
Nahum also predicted that the city would be hidden (3:11). After its
destruction (in 612 B.C.), the site was not rediscovered (until 1842 A.D.).
Chapters
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Chapter Selection
Chapters
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Nahum 1
Nahum Chapter 1
Nahum 1:1 "The burden of Nineveh. The book
of the vision of Nahum the Elkoshite."
Nahum 1:2 "God [is] jealous, and the LORD
revengeth; the LORD revengeth, and [is]
furious; the LORD will take vengeance on
his adversaries, and he reserveth [wrath]
for his enemies."
Nahum 1:3 "The LORD [is] slow to anger, and
great in power, and will not at all acquit
[the wicked]: the LORD hath his way in the
whirlwind and in the storm, and the clouds
[are] the dust of his feet."
Nahum 1:4 "He rebuketh the sea, and maketh
it dry, and drieth up all the rivers:
Bashan languisheth, and Carmel, and the
flower of Lebanon languisheth."
Nahum 1:5 "The mountains quake at him, and
the hills melt, and the earth is burned at
his presence, yea, the world, and all that
dwell therein."
Nahum 1:6 "Who can stand before his
indignation? and who can abide in the
fierceness of his anger? his fury is poured
out like fire, and the rocks are thrown
down by him."
Nahum 1:7 "The LORD [is] good, a strong
hold in the day of trouble; and he knoweth
them that trust in him."
Nahum 1:8 "But with an overrunning flood he
will make an utter end of the place
thereof, and darkness shall pursue his
enemies."
Nahum 1:9 "What do ye imagine against the
LORD? he will make an utter end: affliction
shall not rise up the second time."
Nahum 1:10 "For while [they be] folden
together [as] thorns, and while they are
drunken [as] drunkards, they shall be
devoured as stubble fully dry."
Nahum 1:11 "There is [one] come out of
thee, that imagineth evil against the LORD,
a wicked counsellor."
Nahum 1:12 "Thus saith the LORD; Though
[they be] quiet, and likewise many, yet
thus shall they be cut down, when he shall
pass through. Though I have afflicted thee,
I will afflict thee no more."
Nahum 1:13 "For now will I break his yoke
from off thee, and will burst thy bonds in
sunder."
Nahum 1:14 "And the LORD hath given a
commandment concerning thee, [that] no more
of thy name be sown: out of the house of
thy gods will I cut off the graven image
and the molten image: I will make thy
grave; for thou art vile."
Nahum 1:15 "Behold upon the mountains the
feet of him that bringeth good tidings,
that publisheth peace! O Judah, keep thy
solemn feasts, perform thy vows: for the
wicked shall no more pass through thee; he
is utterly cut off."
Nahum 2
Nahum Chapter 2
Nahum 2:1 "He that dasheth in pieces is
come up before thy face: keep the munition,
watch the way, make [thy] loins strong,
fortify [thy] power mightily."
Nahum 2:2 "For the LORD hath turned away
the excellency of Jacob, as the excellency
of Israel: for the emptiers have emptied
them out, and marred their vine branches."
Nahum 2:3 "The shield of his mighty men is
made red, the valiant men [are] in scarlet:
the chariots [shall be] with flaming
torches in the day of his preparation, and
the fir trees shall be terribly shaken."
Nahum 2:4 "The chariots shall rage in the
streets, they shall justle one against
another in the broad ways: they shall seem
like torches, they shall run like the
lightnings."
Nahum 2:5 "He shall recount his worthies:
they shall stumble in their walk; they
shall make haste to the wall thereof, and
the defense shall be prepared."
Nahum 2:6 "The gates of the rivers shall be
opened, and the palace shall be dissolved."
Nahum 2:7 "And Huzzab shall be led away
captive, she shall be brought up, and her
maids shall lead [her] as with the voice of
doves, tabering upon their breasts."
Nahum 2:8 "But Nineveh [is] of old like a
pool of water: yet they shall flee away.
Stand, stand, [shall they cry]; but none
shall look back."
Nahum 2:9 "Take ye the spoil of silver,
take the spoil of gold: for [there is] none
end of the store [and] glory out of all the
pleasant furniture."
Nahum 2:10 "She is empty, and void, and
waste: and the heart melteth, and the knees
smite together, and much pain [is] in all
loins, and the faces of them all gather
blackness."
Nahum 2:11 "Where [is] the dwelling of the
lions, and the feeding place of the young
lions, where the lion, [even] the old lion,
walked, [and] the lion's whelp, and none
made [them] afraid?"
Nahum 2:12 "The lion did tear in pieces
enough for his whelps, and strangled for
his lionesses, and filled his holes with
prey, and his dens with ravin."
Nahum 2:13 "Behold, I [am] against thee,
saith the LORD of hosts, and I will burn
her chariots in the smoke, and the sword
shall devour thy young lions: and I will
cut off thy prey from the earth, and the
voice of thy messengers shall no more be
heard."
Nahum 3
Nahum Chapter 3
Nahum 3:1 "Woe to the bloody city! it [is]
all full of lies [and] robbery; the prey
departeth not;"
Nahum 3:2 "The noise of a whip, and the
noise of the rattling of the wheels, and of
the prancing horses, and of the jumping
chariots."
Nahum 3:3 "The horseman lifteth up both the
bright sword and the glittering spear: and
[there is] a multitude of slain, and a
great number of carcases; and [there is]
none end of [their] corpses; they stumble
upon their corpses:"
Nahum 3:4 "Because of the multitude of the
whoredoms of the well favored harlot, the
mistress of witchcrafts, that selleth
nations through her whoredoms, and families
through her witchcrafts."
Nahum 3:5 "Behold, I [am] against thee,
saith the LORD of hosts; and I will
discover thy skirts upon thy face, and I
will show the nations thy nakedness, and
the kingdoms thy shame."
Nahum 3:6 "And I will cast abominable filth
upon thee, and make thee vile, and will set
thee as a gazingstock."
Nahum 3:7 "And it shall come to pass,
[that] all they that look upon thee shall
flee from thee, and say, Nineveh is laid
waste: who will bemoan her? whence shall I
seek comforters for thee?"
Nahum 3:8 "Art thou better than populous
No, that was situate among the rivers,
[that had] the waters round about it, whose
rampart [was] the sea, [and] her wall [was]
from the sea?"
Nahum 3:9 "Ethiopia and Egypt [were] her
strength, and [it was] infinite; Put and
Lubim were thy helpers."
Nahum 3:10 "Yet [was] she carried away, she
went into captivity: her young children
also were dashed in pieces at the top of
all the streets: and they cast lots for her
honorable men, and all her great men were
bound in chains."
Nahum 3:11 "Thou also shalt be drunken:
thou shalt be hid, thou also shalt seek
strength because of the enemy."
Nahum 3:12 "All thy strong holds [shall be
like] fig trees with the firstripe figs: if
they be shaken, they shall even fall into
the mouth of the eater."
Nahum 3:13 "Behold, thy people in the midst
of thee [are] women: the gates of thy land
shall be set wide open unto thine enemies:
the fire shall devour thy bars."
Nahum 3:14 "Draw thee waters for the siege,
fortify thy strong holds: go into clay, and
tread the mortar, make strong the
brickkiln."
Nahum 3:15 "There shall the fire devour
thee; the sword shall cut thee off, it
shall eat thee up like the cankerworm: make
thyself many as the cankerworm, make
thyself many as the locusts."
Nahum 3:16 "Thou hast multiplied thy
merchants above the stars of heaven: the
cankerworm spoileth, and fleeth away."
Nahum 3:17 "Thy crowned [are] as the
locusts, and thy captains as the great
grasshoppers, which camp in the hedges in
the cold day, [but] when the sun ariseth
they flee away, and their place is not
known where they [are]."
Nahum 3:18 "Thy shepherds slumber, O king
of Assyria: thy nobles shall dwell [in the
dust]: thy people is scattered upon the
mountains, and no man gathereth [them]."
Nahum 3:19 "[There is] no healing of thy
bruise; thy wound is grievous: all that
hear the bruit of thee shall clap the hands
over thee: for upon whom hath not thy
wickedness passed continually?"
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